STAT3 and neoplasm: Phosphorylated STAT3 translocates to the nucleus and regulates the transcription and expression of a wide range of genes, including VEGF, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, survivin, D-cyclin, and the transcription factor E2F-1, thereby promoting tumor cell survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, tissue invasion, and evasion of apoptosis [44].