Our research found that PTPN6 knockdown inhibits apoptosis and erythroid differentiation in the SKM-1 cell line and alters the levels of inflammatory factors in the bone marrow microenvironment, indicating that the PTPN6 gene acts as a tumor suppressor in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cells, affecting hematopoietic cell apoptosis, erythroid differentiation, and inflammations. This evidence concerns the gene PTPN6 and neoplasm.