MAPK8 and psoriasis: Additionally, the MAPK pathway plays a pivotal role in the pathological progression of psoriasis by regulating keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and the recruitment and activation of immune cells, including Th1 and Th17 cells, through the activation of downstream pathways such as p38, ERK, and JNK in psoriatic lesions [37].