Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including immune checkpoint antibodies targeting the PD-1 (programmed death protein)/PD-L1 (programmed death protein ligand) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte antigen 4) pathways, has revolutionized cancer treatment and extended survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.