They were engineered to target specific bacterialstrains, produce specific metabolites, or express specific proteinsthat can modulate host metabolism and immune function.99 NGPs offer several advantages over traditionalprobiotics, including improved specificity, efficacy, and safety.Many studies have investigated the potential of NGPs for preventingand treating diabetes.100 For example, Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM0212 supported treatmentby improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in a mousemodel of type 2 diabetes. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.