These compounds also demonstrated efficacy in treating malignant melanoma, including p53 deficient melanoma, by inducing apoptosis through reduced levels of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, XIAP), mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, and activation of caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase cleavage [16]. The gene discussed is XIAP; the disease is melanoma.