The study [16] found a significantly greater percentage of participants on insulin (compared to those not on insulin) or with diabetic duration ≥5 years (compared to those with <5 years) self-reported not engaging in regular exercise, not adhering strictly to their treatment regimen, and were not aware of whether their diabetes was well controlled, despite being at an increased risk of developing retinopathy complication from uncontrolled diabetes. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.