Research has indicated the oncogenic role of the AR in RCC, altering numerous types of ncRNAs and signaling pathways including the miR-145, miR-185-5p/HIF-2α/VEGF, miR-34a-5p/ASS1, DHX9/circEXOC7/miR149-3p/CSF1, circHIAT1/miR-195-5p, miR-29a-3p and miR-29c-3p/CDC42, and TANAR/UPF1/Twist1 pathways [69,74,77,79,87,92] (Figure 1). The gene discussed is CSF1; the disease is renal cell carcinoma.