RNA sequencing using EVs in serum from castration-resistant patients with prostate cancer before or after acquiring resistance to second-generation androgen receptor (AR) axis-targeted therapy (ARAT) revealed up-regulation of AR signaling-related lncRNAs, such as PCAT1, H19, HOXA-11AS, ZEB1-AS1, ARLNC1, PART1, CTBP1-AS, and PCA3. This evidence concerns the gene AR and prostate cancer.