TP53 and cancer: We further compared pathway activities across the 6 BLCA subtypes of 11 cancer-related pathways (EGFR, MAPK, PI3K, VEGF, JAK-STAT, TGFb, TNFa, NFkB, Hypoxia, p53-mediated DNA damage response, and Trail (apoptosis)) calculated using mRNA expression levels with the R package ‘PROGENy’ [36].