For instance, some groups have investigated the immunogenicity of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles in tumor therapy and found that ZIF-8 nanoparticles can induce pyroptosis through the caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, leading to cancer cell necrosis, reprograming of the tumor microenvironment and activation of antitumor immunity (Ding et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene GSDMD and cancer.