MTOR and cancer: Similar to β-Elemene, baicalin also triggers cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (Sui et al., 2020c; Pang et al., 2022b; Lin et al., 2013b; Zhang et al., 2012b; Gou et al., 2009b), but baicalin could also induce cell apoptosis via activating the AMPK pathway (Jia et al., 2022b).