PTGS2 and ischemia: For example, it was shown that prostaglandins generated by both COX-1 and COX-2 are involved in the recovery of mucosal barrier in the ischemia-injured porcine ileum (Blikslager et al., 2002), and deletion of the COX-2 gene was associated with more severe injury and increased epithelial apoptosis after intestinal I/R in mice (Watanabe et al., 2012).