In several disease contexts, including cerebral ischemia, pharmacological doses of melatonin ranging from 10 to 30 mg/kg i.p. in vivo or 25 μM−1 mM in vitro alleviated mitochondrial impairments through SIRT3 upregulation and SOD2 deacetylation; conversely, SIRT3 knocking down, knocking out or its pharmacological blockade significantly prevented melatonin protective actions [61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68]. This evidence concerns the gene SIRT3 and Cerebral ischemia.