MTOR and tuberous sclerosis: Dysfunctional autophagic process was closely related to development and progression of epilepsy, for example, it had been observed defective autophagy and excessive activated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, an important negative regulator of autophagy, in focal cortical dysplasia, tuberous sclerosis complex and in TLE [48, 49, 50].