The analysis identified and segmented 16 cell types and their proliferating status (Ki67+), including PD-L1+ tumor cells (PD-L1+ TC), PD-L1− tumor cells (PD-L1− TC), lymphoid cells (T helper cells [Th], cytotoxic T lymphocytes [CTL], regulatory T cells [Treg], B cells, and plasma cells), myeloid cells (M1 macrophages [M1], M2 macrophages [M2], dendritic cells [DCs], neutrophils, and monocytes), mesenchymal cells (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and FAP+ fibroblasts), and others (Fig. 3a–d). Here, FAP is linked to neoplasm.