Using an animal model of CKD, a previous study has reported a profound disruption in the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase and catalase, in addition to the manifestation of astrocytosis within the substantia nigra [39], highlighting how oxidative stress conditions in CKD may correlate with neuronal damage and serum NfL levels. The gene discussed is CAT; the disease is chronic kidney disease.