BRAF and neoplasm: The development, prognosis, and treatment of melanoma are closely associated with mutations in genes such as BRAF, CKIT, and NRAS.NRAS mutations occur in approximately 20–25% of melanomas and contribute to signal transduction through pathways such as RAF-MEK-ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, affecting cell growth, differentiation, and tumor development.