CASP4 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Activation of the inflammasome is indicated by the upregulation of CASP1 and CASP4, while the downregulation of signalling genes PIK3CA, PIK3R1, AKT3, and PLCG1 suggests a dysregulated inflammatory response in COPD, highlighting a complex interplay of neutrophil activation and immune signalling.