MACC1 and retinoblastoma: Moreover, MACC1 has also been established as a negative prognostic marker in genitourinary (kidney, bladder, ovarian, cervical and endometrial cancer), skin, breast, lung, head and neck cancer (head and neck, tongue, nasopharynx, salivary gland) as well as glioblastoma and retinoblastoma [17–29].