Of note, by systematically applying small molecule inhibitors targeting c-Met, Akt and mTOR in GC cells, a connection between MACC1 and c-MET/Akt/mTOR signaling was identified, in which MACC1 also mediated the upregulation of programmed cell-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) [127]. This evidence concerns the gene MACC1 and gastric cancer.