TNF and pulmonary fibrosis: Toll-interacting protein (TOLLIP), which can inhibit the signaling of the TOLL-like receptor and the production of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and IL-6, is involved in various diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease, myocardial hypertrophy, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [4–9].