For instance, in a population of 51 patients undergoing resection of primary gastric adenocarcinoma, the concentrations of TGF-β1 in the cancer tissue were significantly higher compared with surrounding normal tissues, though in the cancer tissue the concentration of active TGF-β1 varied from 1.6 to 81.3 pg/mg of protein whereas total TGF-β1 levels ranged from 21.1 to 620.1 pg/mg of protein [15]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to cancer.