LCN2 and acute kidney injury: Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a biomarker of ischemic and toxic kidney injury.71 The ectodomain of KIM-1 is shed from cells into urine in rodents and humans after proximal tubular injury.72, –74 A prospective study of pediatric patients receiving cisplatin found higher urine NGAL and KIM-1 concentrations in patients with AKI as compared with those without AKI.75