Although some MSAs, such as anti-Mi-2, anti-TIF-1-gamma, and anti-NXP-2, have been reported to be linked to a lower risk of ILD, other MSAs, such as anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (anti-MDA-5), anti-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (ARS), or certain MAAs (e.g., PM-Scl, Ku, and Ro52), have been reported to be associated with an increased risk of ILD (11, 12). Here, TRIM21 is linked to interstitial lung disease.