A class of probiotics has been found to mimic endogenous immune metabolic regulation in dendritic cells by generating lactic acid and activating the HIF-1α/NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone)-1α subcomplex 4-like 2 (NDUFA4L2) signaling pathway, which reduces mtROS production and thus inhibits auto immune T cell overactivation (264), opening new avenues for the treatment of AIDs, including EAE. The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is AIDS.