discovered that administering roburic acid (RBA), a component of the anti-RA herb Gentiana, to RA joints can effectively block the ERK/HIF-1α/GLUT1 pathway, fostering the transition from M1 to M2 macrophage phenotype, suppressing inflammatory cytokines, and enhancing tissue repair, thereby yielding potent therapeutic outcomes for RA (142). Here, HIF1A is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.