In the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as RA, the combination of ART and DEX not only plays a role by inhibiting the HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathway, but also promotes ROS scavenging and macrophage polarization from M1 to M2, which modulates inflammatory responses at multiple levels, providing a new perspective for antioxidant treatment strategies (75). Here, NFKB1 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.