ENTPD2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: have revealed that in MDSCs derived from hepatocellular carcinoma patients, hypoxia activates HIF-1, leading to the upregulation of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 (ENTPD2) expression, which subsequently facilitates the enzymatic hydrolysis of extracellular ATP into 5’-AMP.