IFNG and neoplasm: We learnt from the failure of attIL12-T cell therapy in treating ECM-rich PDX tumors that relying solely on the interaction between attIL12 on T cells and CSV on tumor cells to promote T-cell infiltration is insufficient.25, 37 We thus hypothesized that the interaction between attIL12-TILs and autologous tumor cells triggers additional HLA-TCR signaling between tumor cells and T cells, in turn leading to robust IFNγ expression and collagen downregulation.