Furthermore, grouping TCGA-HNSCC patient data based on clinical stage and CES1 expression levels into four categories (G1, G2, G3, G4) revealed varying survival times of 5.9 years, 10.9 years, 2.7 years, and 7.2 years, respectively (Table 3), for 50% survival rate. Here, CES1 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.