BDNF and congenital rubella syndrome: Results from both clinical and animal studies have indicated that an upregulation of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) during exercise plays a pivotal role in modulating synaptic plasticity.[46] Here, we found that exercise enhanced BDNF expression, phosphorylation of cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB) and calmodulin dependent protein kinsae II (CAMKII), along with an upregulation of the synaptic structural proteins, post synaptic density 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin (SYN), in CRS and CSDS mice (Figure 6B–F; Figure S10B–F, Supporting Information).