HMGB1 and cancer: In the context of ICD-inducing therapies, elevated circulating HMGB1 concentrations associated with other DAMPs correlate with positive outcome.3,5,6,8 In contrast, elevations of HMGB1 without that of other DAMPs apparently are not sufficient to trigger efficient cancer immunosurveillance after treatment with chemotherapeutics such as taxanes, carboplatin, or gemcitabine that must be classified as partial rather than full ICD inducers.4,9 Thus, a surge in plasma HMGB1 induced by partial ICD inducers may reflect cancer progression rather than a successful therapeutic manipulation7 (Table 1).