For the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, we applied a combination of E. coli and OT-I CD8 T cells once the tumor volume reached 400 mm3 (Fig. 5g).47 Remarkably, the E. coli + OT-I T cell group achieved a tumor-free rate of 100% (Fig. 5h, i). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.