Intratumor bacterial therapy could modulate the physical and chemical cues of tumor tissues, including normalizing tumor vasculatures and elevating the concentration of a series of T-cell centered chemokines including CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5 (Fig. 1a).27–30 These chemokines play crucial roles in recruiting and activating immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. The gene discussed is CCL4; the disease is neoplasm.