CCL4 and neoplasm: The initial response of the endogenous innate immune system to exogenous bacterial invasion holds paramount importance in this process.35 During this intricate interplay, several crucial chemokines, including CCL3, CCL4, and notably CCL5, have been identified as key players in orchestrating T cell recruitment towards the tumor microenvironment.36 Drawing upon the comprehensive data gathered from Luminex assay analysis (Fig. 1b and Supplementary Fig. 1), we decided to focus our investigations on the CCL5 signaling axis.