ADIPOQ and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In previous reports targeting migrants to the United States, it was reported that when living in the United States for a long period, Japanese people who have migrated to the United States have a higher frequency of obesity,10 higher insulin resistance,11 lower adiponectin concentration,11 higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes,10,12 and larger carotid intima-media wall thickness13,14 than Japanese people living in Japan, even though they are genetically the same.