VTN and melanoma: In addition, the protein corona may shift some of the uptake mechanism of liposomes from membrane fusion to endocytosis.58 This could help to offset any loss of initial particle attachment by allowing rapid internalization of the nanoparticles, probably through the presence of vitronectin and its affinity for the ανβ3 integrin, which is highly overexpressed in melanoma cells59 or the presence of apolipoproteins in THP1 cells, creating additional space for NLPs to be attached and internalized.15