Both LBP and sCD14 are present in plasma and can be used to approximate levels of endotoxemia, a state indexed by a higher ratio of LBP:sCD14, which is indicative of a predisposition to higher pro-inflammatory responses to endotoxins (Laugerette et al., 2014; Knight et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene LBP and serum lipopolysaccharide activity.