P4HA1 and lung carcinoma: Previous studies have shown that increased P4HA1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in some solid cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, high-grade glioma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer (Zhou et al., 2023; Zhao and Liu, 2021; Li et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2021).