Meanwhile, pentanoate and butyrate can act on HDACs to increase the anti‐tumour activity of CD8+ T cells through metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming, leading to increased production of effector molecules such as CD25, interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), which increased the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy in melanoma and pancreatic cancer mouse models.8 Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.