CD4 and cancer: Most notably, hematopoietic stem cells (P < 0.001), monocytes (P < 0.001), and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) (P < 0.001) displayed greater abundance scores in S-T1 tumors, while Th1 CD4 + T cells (P < 0.001) exhibited greater abundance scores in S-T3 tumors (Additional file 1: Fig. S6A–C).