PTEN and neoplasm: And abnormalities also involve gene mutations in PTEN [135], SIRPA [136], TBK1 [137], the Y chromosome [138], as well as immune cells and stromal cells such as Treg [139], MDSCs [140], TAMs [141], CAFs [142], loss of tumor immunogenicity [143], abnormalities in Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase [144], Ubiquitin-specific protease 12 (USP12) [145], and Hypoxia [146].