SFRP1 and heart failure: For sensitivity analyses, we identified 32 loci from GWASs of 30,419 participants with validation in 7,593 participants (Fig. 5 and Supplementary Tables 4 and 5), removed individuals who had a diagnosis of any cardiomyopathy or heart failure (all variants replicated except for the loci at SFRP1, NUTM2E, SCFD2 and EYS), adjusted for LVEDV (loci at MITF, PSORS1C1, EYS and BICC1 were less statistically significant (P ≥ 5 × 10−8; Supplementary Fig. 2)) and inverse rank normalized the data (Supplementary Tables 5 and 9).