The results indicated that ten genes exhibited a high predictive accuracy for the development of IDC after DCIS, including CDK1 (cyclin dependent kinase 1), KIF11 (kinesin family member 11), NUF2 (NUF2 component of NDC80 kinetochore complex), ASPM (assembly factor for spindle microtubules), CDCA8 (cell division cycle associated 8), CENPF (centromere protein F), DTL (denticle-less E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog), EXO1(exonuclease 1), KIF2C (kinesin family member 2 C), and ZWINT (ZW10 interacting kinetochore protein). Here, EXO1 is linked to ductal breast carcinoma in situ.