CD19 and neoplasm: To assess whether expansion/activation of adaptive immunity functionally underlined the reduced tumour formation observed after LXR activation, we treated GW3965- and standard-diet-fed mice with anti-CD19 and anti-CD8 antibodies (together or separately) or isotype control or PBS starting at day 22 and at repeated timepoints over the course of AOM–DSS administration (Fig. 4f,g and Extended Data Fig. 11a,b).