In contrast to the other dicarboxylates in which reduction of key transcripts appears to account for their induction by infection, L. monocytogenes and C. rodentium infection substantially stimulated the hepatic expression of Acod1 (Fig. 4k), the gene encoding the itaconate-synthesizing enzyme aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1, also known as Irg1); concordantly, the abundance of the Acod1 protein was also notably increased in both infection conditions (Fig. 4e,f). Here, ACOD1 is linked to infection.