Cruz et al.50 showed that patients with malaria-HBV coinfection had elevated concentrations of MCP-1/CCL-2 compared to those with asymptomatic vivax malaria monoinfection, and coinfected individuals also had elevated MCP-1/CCL-2 levels compared to those with asymptomatic or symptomatic vivax malaria. Here, CCL2 is linked to Plasmodium vivax malaria.