Using ANXA2-deficient MSC as a BMM model of impaired plasminogen activation and ECM accumulation, we evaluated the proliferation of BCR-ABL1+ BM cells plated in limiting dilution31 on MSC and showed that leukemia cells were slower at reaching confluence on ANXA2-deficient versus WT MSC (Supplementary Fig. 15A). This evidence concerns the gene ANXA2 and leukemia.