SERPINA1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The effects of inhalation exposure to Al fumes on pulmonary function have been investigated through the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), reflecting the level of inflammation, and alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) protein, whose deficiency reflects a risk of lung damage, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Elserougy et al. 2015).