NFE2L2 and neoplasm: Transcription factors involved in cancer development: Cadmium can interfere with the activity of transcription factors involved in development and tumor promotion, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and metal-regulatory transcription factor (MTF1), which are known to induce the expression of metallothionein in response to heavy metal (cadmium) toxicity (Liu et al. 1995).