These studies found that compared with normal controls, both the mRNA and protein expression levels of FASN were reduced in lung tissues of IPF patients, particularly in alveolar epithelial cells, ciliated cells, and macrophages (Qian et al, 2022; Shin et al, 2023; Hayek et al, 2024). The gene discussed is FASN; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.