ARID1A and endometriosis: For instance, animal and human studies have shown that endometriosis and endometrial cancer share numerous genes, including certain genes located within the “endometrial cancer pathway” such as PTEN, PTPRD, and ARID1A.76, 77, 78 In a recent large scale genome wide association study, Kho and colleagues reported a potential causal association between uterine fibroids and endometrial cancer in the Mendelian randomization analysis and identified several shared genetic risk regions between endometriosis and uterine fibroids and endometrial cancer.79