JAK1 and Alzheimer disease: In the context of immune responses related to AD in the Th2 immune reaction, the binding of IL-4 and IL-4R stimulates the phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK3, leading to the activation and phosphorylation of IL-4Rα and STAT6 (35).Furthermore, IL-4 and IL-13 can bind to the type II IL-4R, inducing the phosphorylation of JAK1 and TYK2, subsequently activating and phosphorylating STAT3 and STAT6.