Based on the IVW results, the MR analysis revealed a significant causal association between elevated FGF5 levels and an increased risk of AF [Bonferroni-corrected P-value threshold = 5.556E-03(0.05/9)] (OR = 1.075, 95% CI = 1.047–1.103, P = 6.436E-08) among the six LPL agonist related circulating inflammatory factors (Figure 5). Here, LPL is linked to atrial fibrillation.