Dormant infections displayed an upregulation of inflammatory pathways involved in the activation of TNF and IL-17 signaling (FDR < 0.01) when compared to uninfected (FDR < 0.01 for both, Fig. 7A) and infected (FDR < 0.01 or both, Fig. 7B) joint replacements. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.