AIP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: After adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, current smoking status, serum creatinine levels, baseline CACS, and interscan periods, AIP (per-0.1 unit increase) was significantly associated with CAC progression in only non-diabetics (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 − 1.06; P < 0.001).