ACTA1 and chronic kidney disease: First, we established a mouse ischemia-reperfusion injury model and identified AKI-CKD using Masson’s Trichrome, PAS, fibrosis marker α-SMA, Collagen I, Fibronectin staining, and BUN, SCr levels confirming the successful establishment of the model, as previously reported (Li et al. 2023) (Fig. 2A-B; Supplemental Fig. A).